Becoming a Sailor: Essential Requirements for Ratings

One good thing about the maritime industry is that it is open to all, regardless of the discipline you have been in. In many cases, starting a career as a sailor requires zero experience, as you will be trained on the job.

If you're considering a career as a sailor and aiming for a rating position (non-officer roles), there are several global requirements and documents you must obtain. Ratings work in various capacities on a ship, including deck, engine, and catering departments. Below is a comprehensive guide to help you navigate the essential qualifications, certifications, and documents required to become a sailor.

1. Basic Qualifications
-Minimum Age: You must be at least 18 years old to work as a sailor on most vessels.
-Education: While a high school diploma or equivalent is preferred, it is not always mandatory for entry-level positions. Some maritime academies or training centers may offer preparatory courses for ratings.
-Language Proficiency: Basic English skills are crucial since English is the international maritime language. Communication at sea often involves following instructions, safety protocols, and interacting with multinational crews.

2. STCW Certification
-STCW Basic Safety Training (BST): This is a mandatory certification for all seafarers, including ratings. The STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping) certification covers:
-Personal Survival Techniques (PST): Training on how to survive at sea in case of emergencies.
-Fire Prevention and Firefighting: Learning the basics of firefighting on board.
-Elementary First Aid: Basic training in first aid procedures.
-Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities (PSSR): Understanding safety protocols and social responsibilities on board.

-Security Awareness Training: This course equips you with the knowledge of ship security practices and how to respond to security threats.

3. Medical Certificate (ENG1 or Equivalent)
-A valid medical certificate is required to ensure you are physically and mentally fit for work at sea. The ENG1 certificate is commonly used in the UK, but each country may have its own version. This certification is vital for your safety and the safety of others on board.

4. Seaman’s Book (Seafarer’s Identification and Record Book)
-The Seaman’s Book serves as your official identification as a seafarer. It logs your sea service and is issued by the maritime authority in your country. Without this document, you cannot legally work on a ship.

5. International Passport
-A valid passport is essential for international travel, which is a regular part of a sailor's job. You may be required to work on vessels that operate in various countries, making a passport a must-have document.

6. Yellow Fever Vaccination and Booklet (for Nigerians)
-Yellow Fever Vaccination: If you are a Nigerian seafarer, you must have a valid Yellow Fever vaccination. This vaccination is crucial, especially when traveling to or from countries that require proof of immunization.
-Yellow Fever Booklet: You must carry a Yellow Fever booklet as proof of vaccination. This document is often checked when entering ports in different countries and is mandatory for Nigerian seafarers.

7. Basic Seamanship Skills
-While formal training in seamanship may not always be required, having a good grasp of basic skills like knot tying, rope handling, and understanding shipboard routines is highly beneficial. These skills will make your transition to ship life smoother.

8. On-the-Job Training
-Practical Experience: Ratings often start with on-the-job training. You may join as a deckhand, engine room assistant, or steward and learn while working under the supervision of more experienced crew members.

9. Additional Training and Certifications

-Depending on the type of vessel and your specific role, you may need additional certifications. For example:
Proficiency in Survival Craft and Rescue Boats (PSCRB): Required for certain roles, especially on larger vessels.
Tanker Familiarization Course: Necessary if you work on oil, chemical, or gas tankers.

Key Positions for Ratings
Deck Rating: Assists with navigation, cargo operations, and ship maintenance.
Engine Rating: Helps maintain and operate the ship’s machinery and engines.
Catering Rating: Works in the galley (kitchen) and provides catering services to the crew.

Conclusion
Embarking on a career as a rating in the maritime industry is a rewarding journey that requires dedication, training, and the right certifications. By ensuring you meet the basic qualifications, obtaining the necessary documents, and gaining practical experience, you'll be well on your way to a successful career at sea.

If you’re a Nigerian seafarer, remember to include the Yellow Fever vaccination and booklet in your list of essential documents. This step is critical for meeting international health requirements and ensuring smooth passage through ports worldwide.

For more insights and resources on starting your maritime career, stay tuned to BonnyTell and The Sailors Lounge for updates and tips from seasoned sailors.